Regulation of cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum by cyclic diguanylic acid

Cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon resource on earth and is an indispensable raw material for the wood, paper, and textile industries. A model system to study the mechanism of cellulose biogenesis is the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum which produces pure cellulose as an extracellular product. It was from this organism that in vitro preparations which possessed high levels of cellulose synthase activity were first obtained in both membranous and soluble forms. We recently demonstrated that this activity is subject to a complex multi-component regulatory system, in which the synthase is directly affected by an unusual cyclic nucleotide activator enzymatically formed from GTP, and indirectly by a Ca (2+) -sensitive phosphodiesterase which degrades the activator. The cellulose synthase activator (CSA) has now been identified as bis-(3' 5')-cyclic diguanylic acid (5'G3'p5'G3'p) on the basis of mass spectroscopic data, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and comparison with chemically synthesized material. We also report here on intermediary steps in the synthesis and degradation of this novel circular dinucleotide, which have been integrated into a model for the regulation of cellulose synthesis.     

郑州市不同埋藏深度地下水水化学特征及成因分析

以郑州市浅层、中深层、深层、超深层地下水为研究对象,利用描述性统计分析对研究区不同埋藏深度地下水的主要化学成分进行识别,基于Piper图和舒卡列夫分类法划分研究区地下水水化学类型,结合相关系数法、离子比例系数法、Gibbs图和氯碱指数法对研究区地下水的主要化学成分来源进行分析,并对研究区的水质进行了评价。结果表明：浅层水和中深层水主要阳离子含量Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+;深层水和超深层水的主要阳离子含量Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+;不同埋藏深度的地下水主要阴离子含量均为HCO3->SO42->Cl->NO3->F-,浅层水和中深层水主要水化学成分及其含量最为相似。随埋藏深度的增加,Na+含量逐渐增加,并成为超深层地下水中的绝对优势阳离子,而Ca2+含量逐渐减少,由浅层地下水中的主要阳离子变为超深层地下水中的次要阳离子;HCO3-含量随埋藏深度变化幅度较小,始终是地下水中的绝对优势阴离子。研究区地下水的化学组分主要受溶滤作用、阳离子交换作用、反阳离子交换作用、混合作用以及人类活动的影响。水质评价结果表明：中深层和深层地下水的水质优于浅层和超深层地下水,除浅层水有11.4%的水样点为Ⅴ类外,其余地下水水质均为Ⅲ类或Ⅳ类。     

莲蓬采摘点与采摘姿态计算算法

针对研发莲蓬采摘机器人遇到的采摘点识别问题,提出了一种莲蓬采摘点与采摘姿态计算方法。提出了一种基于YOLO(you only look once)与Deeplab v3+的二阶段分割网络,并通过Mobilenet v2特征提取网络对算法进行轻量化改进,最后对分割后的结果进行图像处理,进一步计算得到莲蓬采摘点及采摘姿态。将50幅原始图像进行验证试验的结果表明,算法计算成功率为88.89%,平均帧率为34.41 FPS。得到的算法能够为莲蓬自动化采摘机械提供有效信息,具有轻量化、效率高的特点,促进了计算机视觉与神经网络在现代农业的应用。     

基于BIM+数字孪生的高边坡施工检算动态反馈方法

为有效进行高边坡施工过程中不利工况的施工检算及动态反馈,以二次开发为依托,提出了基于参数化BIM模型及有限元方法快速进行高边坡不同工况稳定性检算的整套方案,并通过实际工程案例进行验证。首先,采用Revit二次开发技术实现不利工况高精度正向反馈至BIM模型;其次,将该BIM模型导入Abaqus中进行快速检算,基于Abaqus二次开发将有限元计算结果的自定义结构化输出;最后,采用Mesh重构方法将快速检算的结果向BIM环境反馈。结果表明：所提方案实现了数字孪生体与施工现场之间的同步关联,并且实现了数值计算结果与BIM环境互通。可见,BIM技术通过开发后可真实高效反映施工情况,并作为中间枢纽实现施工检算与成果管理,可为相关施工检算及BIM应用提供新思路。     

废FCC催化剂中稀土元素的浸出及动力学分析

针对FCC废催化剂中所含的稀土元素,本研究以废FCC催化剂为原料,与无水碳酸钠混合焙烧活化,以盐酸为浸出剂,探究了盐酸浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间、浸出固液比以及焙烧时间等因素对FCC废催化剂中稀土元素镧(La)、铈(Ce)的浸出率的影响,并进行了浸出过程动力学分析和表观活化能计算。实验结果表明：废FCC催化剂在750℃条件下和碳酸钠以质量比为1:1混合焙烧300 min后,在70℃的条件下,用6 mol/L的盐酸溶液且固液比为1:25浸出120 min时,La、Ce最佳浸出率可达到88.06%、90.07%;FCC废催化剂浸出前后SEM和XRD测试分析表明废FCC在酸浸后衍射特征峰基本消失,晶格结构被破坏,浸出渣主要为SiO₂;缩芯模型浸出过程动力学分析和Avrami表观活化能计算结果均表明：La和Ce的浸出活化能的测定值分别为27.1、21.2 KJ/mol,该浸出过程受扩散控制。该研究对固废资源中稀土元素的高效回收具有一定的指导意义。     

Gigantecin: A novel antimitotic and cytotoxic acetogenin,with nonadjacent tetrahydrofuran rings,fromGoniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae)

Summary Gigantecin (I), a novel tetrahydroxy-di-tetrahydrofuran fatty acid -lactone (acetogenin), was isolated from an ethanolic extract of the stem bark ofGoniothalamus giganteus Hook. f., Thomas (Annonaceae), by means of activity-directed fractionation (brine shrimp lethality test). This new compound is extremely cytotoxic to human tumor cells, inhibits crown gall tumors on potato discs, and is active in an assay designed to detect antimitotic agents (9 ASK).     

Metabolism of 3β-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in hamsters

Summary Metabolism of 26-hydroxycholesterol to 3-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid and other C24-bile acids has been expected to occur by way of 3-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in studies in vitro. 3-Hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid was infused intravenously into bile fistula hamsters and the following C24-bile acids were identified: 3-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid, lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and a small amount of cholic acid.     

Cholecystokinin is not a major regulator in the digestive system in the chicken

To find out whether physiological concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK), a gastrointestinal hormone in mammals, are also active in chickens, the pancreatic amylase secretory response to CCK-8 was investigated in vitro. Rat pancreatic acini responded to the physiological concentration of CCK-8, but in chickens amylase release was induced at a concentration of CCK-8 1000 times higher than that observed in rats. In another experiment, biliary flow was tested with several doses of CCK-8. The bile flow was stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion, but a significant enhancement was not obtained at a concentration of 0.5 g CCK-8/kg body weight, which was considerably higher than physiological ones. It is concluded that endogeneous CCK does not have an important role in the digestive system in the chicken.     

Occurrence of 3-epi-22-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone and its phosphoric ester in diapause eggs of the silkworm,Bombyx mori

Ecdysteroids in diapause eggs of the silkworm,Bombyx mori, were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with radioimmunoassay (RIA). A relatively large amount of an unidentified free ecdysteroid and its phosphoric ester (conjugated form) were detected. These two compounds were isolated by a combination of column chromatography on silicic acid, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and HPLC using a reverse-phase (RP) column. The purified compounds were identified as 3-epi-22-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone (22d20E) and 3-epi-22-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone 2-phosphate (22d20E2P) by means of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. to our knowledge, this is the first report of 22d20E and 22d20E2P.